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The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known
as Egypt, (in Arabic , romanized Misr, in Egyptian Arabic
Másr), is a republic in North Africa. While most of
the country is geographically located in Africa, the Sinai
Peninsula east of the Suez Canal is in Asia.
Covering an area of about 1,001,450 square
kilometres (386,560 mi²), Egypt shares land borders with
Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel and the
Gaza Strip to the northeast and has coasts on the north and
east by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, respectively.
Egypt is the fifteenth most populous country
in the world. The vast majority of its 77 million population
(2005) live near the banks of the Nile River (about 40,000
km² or 15,450 mi²), where the only arable agricultural
land is found. Large areas of land are part of the Sahara
Desert and are sparsely inhabited. About half of the Egyptian
people today are urban, living in the densely populated centers
of greater Cairo, the largest city in Africa, and Alexandria.
Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization
and some of the world's most stunning ancient monuments, including
the Giza Pyramids, the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the
Kings and the Great Sphinx of Giza; the southern city of Luxor
contains a particularly large number of ancient artifacts.
Today, Egypt is widely regarded as the main political and
cultural centre of the Arab and Middle Eastern regions.
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